Constipation is a common gastrointestinal issue that can often be traced back to incorrect bowel habits, such as inadequate fiber intake, insufficient fluid consumption, or a sedentary lifestyle. From an Ayurvedic perspective, this condition is primarily attributed to the aggravation of Vata dosha, which represents the air and space elements in the body. Vata governs the movement and elimination of waste, and when it becomes imbalanced, it can lead to dryness and sluggish bowel movements, resulting in constipation. This imbalance is often linked to factors like irregular eating habits, excessive physical activity, and high-stress levels, all of which can disrupt Vata's natural rhythm and function.

In addition to Vata imbalance, constipation can occasionally arise from disturbances in the Pitta or Kapha doshas. Pitta, associated with the fire element, can cause constipation when it leads to inflammation or increased heat in the digestive tract, resulting in an inability to process and eliminate waste effectively. On the other hand, Kapha dosha, which embodies earth and water elements, can contribute to constipation through its heavy and sluggish nature, leading to the formation of a thick, sticky stool that is difficult to pass. Addressing these imbalances through diet, lifestyle adjustments, and Ayurvedic remedies can help restore normal bowel function and alleviate constipation.

Common Causes of Constipation

• Excessive use of oily and spicy food
• Anxiety, depression, and anger
• Irregular eating habits
• Consumption of Maida products in large quantities
• Excessive intake of leafy vegetables
• Sleeping just after meals
• Drinking excessive water
• Awakening at night for work
• Excessive intake of caffeine and nicotine products
• Consumption of carbonated drinks
• Foods rich in fats, such as chocolates, causing acidity or acid reflux
• Excessive alcohol intake, smoking, keeping the stomach empty for long periods, and skipping breakfast
• Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite persisting for 1-2 days
• Heartburn or sour belching
• Sensation of abdominal distension or bloating
• Flatulence (burping, belching)
• Blood in vomit or stool in severe cases

Some Medical Causes of Constipation

• Antacid medicines containing calcium or aluminum
• Changes in diet or activities
• Colon cancer
• Excessive consumption of dairy products
• Eating disorders
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis
• Lack of physical activity
• Insufficient water or fiber intake
• Overuse of laxatives
• Pregnancy
• Problems with the nerves and muscles in the digestive system
• Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement (e.g., due to hemorrhoids)
• Some medications (especially strong pain drugs such as narcotics, antidepressants, or iron pills)
• Stress
• Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)

Treatment Options

• Detoxification program
• Panchkarma therapy
• Lifestyle modification program
• Naturopathy therapy

Steps to Take If You Are Constipated

• Drink two to four extra glasses of water a day, unless otherwise advised by your doctor.
• Try warm liquids, especially in the morning.
• Add fruits and vegetables to your diet.
• Eat prunes and bran cereal.
• If needed, use a mild over-the-counter stool softener like docusate or a laxative like magnesium hydroxide. Avoid using laxatives for more than two weeks without consulting your doctor.
• Eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of fiber from fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole-grain bread and cereal (especially bran).
• Drink 1.5 to 2 quarts of water and other fluids a day (unless restricted by your doctor). Fiber and water work together to maintain regularity.
• Avoid caffeine as it can be dehydrating.
• Reduce milk intake, as dairy products may be constipating for some people.
• Exercise regularly. Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week.
• Respond to the urge to use the bathroom promptly.