Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), is a common endocrine disorder affecting many women of reproductive age and is a leading cause of female subfertility. It is characterized by a variety of symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles, ovulatory dysfunction, and the presence of cysts on the ovaries, as identified in some ultrasound scans. Although polycystic ovaries are frequently observed, they are not always essential for diagnosing PCOS or PCOD. This condition can disrupt hormonal balance and lead to a range of metabolic and reproductive issues.

In Ayurveda, both PCOS and PCOD are classified based on dosha imbalances. Vata-type PCOS or PCOD is marked by symptoms such as painful menstruation, severe menstrual irregularities, low body weight, and a sensation of coldness. Pitta-type PCOS or PCOD presents with symptoms including hair loss, acne, painful menstruation with clots, and potential heart issues. Kapha-type PCOS or PCOD is characterized by increased body weight, infertility, hirsutism, diabetic tendencies, and a feeling of coldness. Recognizing the dosha predominance can guide more effective Ayurvedic treatments tailored to alleviate symptoms and manage the disorder.